As a result, research into terrorism and the Internet can only hypothesize about the nature and extent of influence that terrorist messages wield.
Within the literature on terrorism and the Internet, the audience-those individuals who receive messages, make meaning from them and then decide whether to act on them-is conspicuously missing. Yet we are still no closer to understanding why certain messaging appeals to certain people in certain ways and not to others. This research has yielded significant insights into how organizations such as Al Qaeda and Islamic State craft their messages, the mediums they use to disseminate their messages, and the ways in which they reach their audiences. Much of this research is focused on the kinds of messages being spread via the various media platforms that host violent extremist content. Even without the original ending, Rambo III still lays bare how the United States has spent around two decades meddling in a country it openly supported back in the 1980s.The exponential growth in the use of the Internet and social media by terrorist actors and violent extremists has generated research interest into terrorism and the Internet. Needless to say, this now-lost conclusion would have caused the film to age horribly in today's geopolitical climate. The optics of this creative call within the Stallone-led Rambo movie wouldn't be good anyway, but especially with Rambo himself being such a symbolic American film character. While this summation significantly simplifies the situation, Rambo III's alternate ending featured Stallone's main character joining up with a group - members of whom would ultimately form the Taliban and team up with al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization that carried out the 9/11 attacks. Afghanistan remained locked in civil war for many years until the United States invaded Afghanistan following the unprecedented events of September 11, 2001.
After Russia pulled out of Afghanistan in 1989 (before ultimately dissolving in 1991), the various Mujahideen groups were unable to reach a unified consensus regarding how to move forward. The bitter irony here should be obvious to any student of recent history, or any veteran of America's more recent foreign wars.
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